The paper considers the responses that Italian public administrations are capable of giving to emergency events. After dealing with the possibility of identifying a legal notion of “emergency”, the analysis continues through the critical consideration of the various administrative organizations responding to emergencies and their structural overlap. This is followed by a recognition of the multiple administrative acts issued by the organisations and the exceptions they may contain in relation to the rules and principles of the legal system. The brief final considerations propose some hypotheses for change and improvement.

This contribution aims to outline the changes in the perception of the risk of liability by the health workers through the critical analysis of the most recent regulatory interventions and jurisprudential guidelines. More specifically, and examining the structure of the offenses, the reflections concern the criminal liability of doctors, the civil liabilities of doctors and health facilities, the consequent fiscal liability.

Local authorities are increasingly called “proximity public administrations”: proximity to the needs of their citizens. The experience of the “Covid-19” pandemic represents an authentic “proof” for all local administrations. The essay analyzes the role that, according to the most recent state regulatory provisions, the Republic entrusts to local authorities, in order to actively support its citizens.