Artificial Intelligence Act

March 2024 has been the apex of a sort of race as to which international organisation would be the first to adopt an instrument trying to regulate the development, production, and use of artificial intelligence. The paper highlights the advantages and disadvantages of a Council of Europe treaty, such as the Draft Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, as opposed to an EU regulation, such as the so-called “Artificial Intelligence Act”. The content of Draft Framework Convention is presented only briefly, before explaining why there is a case for a Council of Europe Treaty on Artificial Intelligence. The instrument of a Council of Europe Convention is then compared to the instrument of an EU Regulation, especially in terms of the limits resulting from the respective competences of the Council of Europe and the European Union, as well as the consequences of the need for ratification of the Council of Europe treaty as opposed to the direct applicability of the EU regulation.

This article summarises the approval process of the Artificial Intelligence Act Proposal, particularly concerning high-risk predictive algorithms, to assess the effect of this legislative change.

This contribution summarises the main amendments adopted by the European Parliament during its first reading of the EU’s Proposal for a Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act). It outlines the impact of this Act, if adopted with such amendments, on automated administrative decision-making (“adm-ADM”), and examines the margin Member States will have to supplement such provisions in their respective national administrative procedure acts. It concludes that the AI Act is a necessary piece of legislation and that, if adopted with some of the Parliament’s amendments, it will adequately regulate the development and use of AI systems by European public authorities, setting a high regulatory standard that can be reinforced by national legislators.

This article addresses the legal order of the digital sphere, focusing on the constitutional dimension. In particular, the new freedoms that have come into being with the advent of technology, especially digital platforms. There are doubts about the effectiveness of regulatory intervention, such as that attempted by the EU whose purpose seems to focus on sanctions for violations rather than on promoting freedoms. The article emphasizes the positives rather than the negatives of a digital legal order, while recognizing the problems with the digital market where the large companies exercise a dominant and anti-competitive position. The article also addresses the issue of democracy on the Internet and the challenge of misinformation.

Despite the difficulties and the long implementation timeframe, the systematic introduction of algorithms and Artificial Intelligence in administrative activity represents the future of Public Administration. Thus, it is necessary to ask what the normative perspectives of this phenomenon will be, rethinking some categories of classical constitutionalism. The aim of this paper is to offer a more flexible and effective response to the challenges that the new means of exercising power pose to contemporary society. Therefore, the focus of analysis is on the possible effects on the activities of Public Administration of the European Union's new regulatory proposals on digital and technological regulation, with a specific focus on the proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Regulation. Although the proposal does not dictate particular rules for public administration, it will affect the public sphere, deserving special attention both for its consequences at the practical level and for its impact at the theoretical level.