This paper analyses Kazakhstan’s evolving regulatory framework concerning the protection of the scarce natural resource of soil, with particular emphasis on the country not yet approving laws on soil protection, in juxtaposition to the forward-looking EU Nature Restoration Law 2024 and EU Soil Monitoring Law 2025. It examines laws and jurisprudence, environmental governance models, and the pressing challenges faced in policy implementation within the context of a global polycrisis. Therefore, this paper links these legal developments to climate justice, adaptation and mitigation, and compliance with international commitments such as the Paris Agreement 2015 and the Sustainable Development Goals 2030, recently highlighted by the International Court of Justice in the Advisory Opinion on Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change. By adopting a comparative legal approach that is enhanced by policy review assessments and interdisciplinary evaluations, the paper aims to identify established principles, such as the polluter pays principle, while also highlighting the gaps related to enforcement and financing. Hence, the findings point out the need for urgently strengthening local governance and mainstreaming adequate measures to deliver just, resilient, and effective environmentally positive impacts.

Globally, governments and private parties such as businesses, NGOs, and individuals struggle to handle a growing number of used electronic devices. There are poisoning effects on land that often take many years to emerge, hindering several attempts to achieve land degradation neutrality. Legislation and legal enforcement must concentrate on eliminating and neutralizing dangerous compounds from e-waste, ensuring proper storage and preventing illicit trading. After examining relevant public international law and concerned organizations, a worldwide scenario and taxonomy of the relevant UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are assessed. The paper concludes that although public authorities are working hard to reduce environmental pollution caused by e-waste, existing international, regional, and national legislative tools and approaches could be more effectively implemented. It is necessary to take global actions to ensure environmental protection and human safety while addressing ambiguities in both national and international law.

Brexit represents a meaningful change within the legal and political framework of the EU-UK relationship. The current food and water security regulations, as well as the environmental impact assessment standards, could be considered at stake. Thus considered, this paper points out Brexit not just as a mere “breakdown” in the system in order to lower the contemporary established environmental standards. Indeed, potential environmental risks posed by Brexit could be effectively mitigated by applying the principle of non-regression, and simultaneously institutions can move forward adopting greener legal instruments and political actions inter alia creating new environmental governance and maintaining a high level of cooperation with the EU.