The Italian Health Impact Assessment (VIS) is a multidisciplinary participatory technique intended to assist public decision-makers in understanding the potential effects of policies, plans, programmes, and initiatives on community health. In recent years, in the Italian legal system, the instrument has found repeated applications, with different terminological variations, in the regional sphere and at an administrative level. At the national regulatory level, the VIS has found recognition in a series of recent amendments to the Consolidated Environmental Protection Act, specifically in environmental impact assessment procedures, through a configuration that appears to be far from the international model of Health Impact Assessment (HIA). The amendments require the private sector to do research on the specific health implications, while ensuring that the health component of the environmental impact assessment is carried out within a procedural framework established by the relevant public administration.