After reconstructing the most recent developments in European renewable energy policy, the article examines the contribution that Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) can make to an energy transition orientated toward justice and economic growth. To this end, it explores the use of RECs as instruments of shared administration, through which public authorities can empower citizens to play an active role in the energy transition while simultaneously pursuing additional public interest objectives (such as the reconversion of local energy systems, urban regeneration, the development of economically disadvantaged areas, social inclusion, the implementation of smart cities). Against this background, the article investigates the potential critical issues arising from the use of RECs by public authorities, given their nature as private-law entities. These issues include the need to ensure compliance with the principles of equality, impartiality and transparency and the challenge of aligning the activities of RECs with public interest objectives. The paper also outlines possible solutions to address these concerns.